First reported in the late 1960s in laboratory dogs, it is now thought to play a major role in kennel cough. Two strains of canine influenza virus have been identified in the united states. It has a high morbidity close to 100%, but the mortality, as with most other influenza infections, is relatively low less than 8%. Frequently asked questions for pet businesses about canine. Interspecies transmission of canine influenza virus h5n2 to cats and chickens by close contact with experimentally infected dogs.
Inter and intraspecies transmission of canine influenza virus h3n2 in dogs, cats, and ferrets. Canine influenza virus testing cornell university college. Learn more about the virus you may have heard on news reports that there have bee n multiple cases of canine influenza virus h3n2 civ in the south bay. H3n2 canine influenza virus faqs shelters and rescue groups what is h3n2 canine influenza virus. Cornell university, test summary for canine influenza virus in dogs not affiliated with greyhound racetracks, 2009. Most dogs will get mild illness, but up to 1020% of dogs may. This virus was a new introduction to north america, and these outbreaks were due to multiple virus introductions associated with the importation of rescue dogs from asia. The virus had previously been circulating among dogs in asia, where it originated through the transfer of an avianorigin influenza virus around 2005 and continues to circulate.
Canine influenza is a type a influenza virus and is further identified based on the composition of two specific proteins in the lipid outer layer of the capsid. Since then, another strain has emerged h3n2 and one or both strains have been seen in almost every state in the us. Influenza virus strains are named based on their hemagglutinin h and neuraminidase n types. Update on canine influenza dog flu outbreak reported in. Although it is remotely possible that the canine influenza virus was repeatedly introduced into dogs from some other species, the evidence suggests that a single virus was transmitted whole from horses to dogs, as a onetime event. In 2015, the h3n2 virus strain was identified as the cause of an outbreak of canine influenza in chicago. There have been reports of recent pockets of outbreaks of canine influenza virus dog flu in various parts of the country. Influenza viruses belong to a large group of rna viruses classified as influenza a, b or c. There are two known influenza viruses that can infect dogs in the united states. The first dose may be administered to dogs 6 to 8 wk of age or older see package insert for specific information. Canine influenza virus civ ah3n8 has predominantly circulated in the united states since 2004 1,2, and civ ah3n2 mainly prevails in china and south korea 3,4. In some cases, this type of flu can turn into pneumonia. Canine influenza is caused by infection with a specific type of influenza virus. The pathogenesis of h3n2 canine influenza virus in beagle.
Lack of targeted surveillance for canine influenza virus confounds a true. There are doggie day care centers that have shut down, and veterinary. Canine influenza 2018 oregon veterinary medical association helping people give their animals a high quality of life. Canine influenza virus is a highly contagious disease that is easily spread through. Canine influenza virus civ is a type of influenza a that is adapted to. Canine influenza h3n2 faq cornell university college of. Canine influenza virush3n8 killed administer by the sq route. Civ possibly caused some of the respiratory disease outbreaks at tracks between 1999 and 2003. Multiple outbreaks of canine influenza virus civ caused by avianorigin h3n2 influenza a virus have been reported in the united states since 2015 and in canada since 2017. It is most closely related to the florida lineage of h3n8 equine influenza viruses, which emerged in the early 1990s. H3n8 civ was first identified in florida in the early 2000s and was the. Canine influenza cornell university college of veterinary medicine. However, serum collected from racing greyhounds between 1984 and 2004 and tested for canine influenza virus civ in 2007 had positive tests going as far back as 1999.
Cornell university, test summary for canine influenza virus in dogs not affiliated with. Canine influenza viruses belong to the species influenza a virus, genus. If this virus is present in the community, then be careful about exposing your dog to events or facilities with other dogs. Canine flu is not reportable, but all animal disease outbreaks are reportable to the tennessee department of agriculture at 615 8375120. Canine influenza virus civ is a newly identified, highly contagious respiratory pathogen of dogs.
The clinical disease has high morbidity and low mortality. Canine influenza virus h3n2 civ cases of canine influenza virus h3n2 civ have been confirmed in the south bay. For veterinarians h3n2 canine influenza virus fact sheet what is h3n2 canine influenza virus. The virus was known to exist in asia, but the 2015 outbreak was the first report of the h3n2 virus affecting dogs outside of asia. Canine flu is a highly contagious viral infection that causes illness in 80% of exposed dogs. This virus is antigenically distinct from ah3n8 viruses previously isolated from dogs in the u. This was the first evidence of an influenza a virus causing disease in dogs. But canine influenza can cause more serious illness than the average respiratory infection, says cynda crawford, dvm, phd, of the university of florida college of veterinary medicine.
What are the clinical signs of canine influenza infection. Both strains of canine influenza identified in the u. There are now vaccines available in the united states for both civ h3n2 and civ h3n8. Apr, 2015 canine influenza a h3n8 virus is closely related to an influenza virus found in horses for more than 40 years. The virus had previously been circulating among dogs in asia, where it originated through the transfer of an avianorigin influenza virus around 2005 and contin ues to circulate. The north american h3n8 canine influenza virus seems to have jumped directly from horses to dogs, probably in the late 1990s or early 2000s. Emergence and adaptation of h3n2 canine influenza virus. Close proximity to infected dogs contact with contaminated items bowls, leashes, crates, tables, clothing. Canine influenza is an upper respiratory infection in dogs caused by the h3n8 type a influenza virus.
H3n2 canine influenza virus infection in a dog sage journals. Canine influenza the center for food security and public health. Pdf canine influenza virus civ is a newly identified, highly contagious respiratory pathogen of dogs. The first confirmed dog flu h3n8 strain outbreak occurred in florida at a greyhound racing track. The virus known as h3n8 canine influenza has existed in north. H3n2 canine influenza virus canine influenza virus canine influenza virus civ is a type of influenza a that is adapted to dogs.
The most important step is to vaccinate your dog against the canine influenza viruses. Spread of canine influenza ah3n2 virus, united states cdc. Canine parainfluenza is highly contagious and its prevalence in a given area is directly related to the density of the dog population. The h3n8 canine influenza virus is maintained in dog populations. As with the human influenza, the dog flu will remain with us. Canine influenza oregon veterinary medical association. Recent studies show that the canine h3n8 influenza virus has now diverged.
H3n2 canine influenza virus h3n2 civ is an influenza a virus that is specific for dogs. Canine influenza is an emerging contagious respiratory infection of dogs that was first described in the united states and subsequently in other countries. Canine parainfluenza virus is an enveloped virus belonging to the family paramyxoviridae. Canine influenza can be caused by a variety of influenza a viruses, including equineorigin h3n8 and avianorigin h3n2 viruses, which are both established lineages in dogs worldwide. Limiting the spread of canine influenza virus during an. The h3n8 virus strain was first identified in racing greyhounds in florida in 2004, and has since. Canine influenza virus notice american kennel club. Other influenza a viruses circulate in birds avian influenza viruses, horses and other equids equine influenza viruses, pigs swine influenza viruses or people human influenza a viruses. Canine influenza virus civ ah3n8 has predominantly circulated in the united states since 2004 1,2, and civ ah3n2 mainly prevails in china and south korea. At present, two strains of canine influenza virus have been identified in the united states. A canine influenza ah3n2 virus emerged in the united states in februarymarch 2015, causing respiratory disease in dogs. For veterinarians canine influenza virus civ is a type of influenza a that is adapted to dogs. Canine influenza virus civ is a viral respiratory infection transmitted by.
Signs of illness include cough moist or dry and honking, runny nose, fever, decreased appetite and activity, similar to kennel cough. So far, there is no evidence that canine influenza infects people. It has already infected thousands of dogs in more than 30 states. Civ h3n2 was first isolated in 2006 from guangdong province, china, and found to be genetically most closely related to h3n2 avian influenza viruses prevalent in aquatic birds in south korea 5. H3n2 canine influenza virus civ originated from avian species and emerged in dogs in asia around 2005 where it became enzootic before reaching the usa in 2015. Canine influenza american veterinary medical association. Canine influenza virus ah3n2 clade with antigenic variation.
Knowledge and common sense are your best defenses against canine influenza. College of veterinary medicine sw th university of florida. A canine influenza ah3n2 virus emerged in the united states in februarymarch 2015, causing respiratory dis ease in dogs. With more cases of dog flu being reported across the country, merck animal health is committed to keeping dog owners and veterinary professionals informed on the latest prevalence data. Low pathogenic avian influenza cats in nyc shelters 2016 found by accident sent as a canine sample for pcr specific to h3n2 and h3n8 history had circulated in nyc live bird markets early 2000s thought to be eradicated 2006 only 2 previous human cases reported. Although both types of civ are h3 viruses and share some traits in common, it is important to understand that they are di. The canine influenza outbreak that began in the chicago area in march of 2015 and spread to other areas across the country over the next year is caused by a different strain of the virus than was earlier assumed, according to laboratory scientists at cornell university and the university of wisconsin. H3n2 canine influenza virus h3n2 civ is a very contagious influenza virus that infects dogs.
The pathogenesis of h3n2 canine influenza virus in beagle dogs article in journal of animal and veterinary advances 118. Experts believe this horse influenza virus changed in a way that allowed it to infect dogs, and the first dog flu infections caused by these viruses were reported in 2004, initially in greyhounds. Spread of canine influenza ah3n2 virus, united states. Canine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease of dogs caused by novel strains of the influenza a virus. Canine influenza a h3n8 virus is closely related to an influenza virus found in horses for more than 40 years. These virus types are further divided by the numerical strain of the virus surface proteins, hemagglutinin h and neuraminidase n. Canine influenza virus civ is a viral respiratory infection transmitted by close contact with an infected dog. Initial vaccination dogs 16 wk of age two initial doses, 2 to 4 wk apart.
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